it was if enough of a confession by lance armstrong for you? >> there is the first few feet of that mountain and i spent two years working on this book. a fascinating world that they live then. the details of how they did it are fascinating and crucial to this story. >> what was it light seeing him coming clean about not being clean? gosh we knew that -- >> we knew what he was going to say, but to see the defiance, the hesitation felt like an unsuccessful therapy session and in front of 4.3 million people. i think he does this because he realizes -- he is in shock. he went from joan of arc to attila the hun and a short amount of time and he has always loved risk. it was a high risk and high reward way to apologize and frankly, it didn't work. >> did he introduced doping the cycling or was it the other way around? >> of the culture goes way back to the early 1900's. the difference was his arrival was timed exactly with oxygen vector doping which improved endurance by about 20% and made a massive difference. he was the one that was entrepreneuria